Friday, 28 August 2015

ABSES OTAK

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


BATASAN
Proses pernanahan yang terlokalisir diantara jaringan otak, baik disertai pembentukan kapsul atau tidak.

PATOFISIOLOGI
Penyebab terbanyak adalah bakteri anaerobik (70%). Bakteri lain yang jadi penyebab adalah Streptococcus sp, Staphylococcus sp, Bacteriodes fragilis.
Pada bayi baru lahir biasanya disebabkan oleh Proteus sp, E coli, Group B Streptococcus.
Abses otak dapat terjadi karena :
1.      Penyebaran langsung dari fokus infeksi yang berdekatan dengan otak, misalnya infeksi telinga tengah, sinusitis paranasalis dan mastoiditis
2.      Penyebaran dari fokus infeksi yang jauh secara hematogen
3.      Infeksi akibat trauma tembus kepala
4.      Infeksi pasca operasi kepala
Penyakit jantung bawaan sianotik dengan pirau dari kanan ke kiri (misalnya pada Tetralogy of Fallot), terutama pada anak berusia lebih dari 2 tahun, merupakan faktor predisposisi terjadinya abses otak
Terjadinya abses otak melalui 4 stadium, yaitu :
  1. Stadium serebritis dini (hari ke 1-3)
  2. Stadium serebritis lambat (hari ke 4-9)
  3. Stadium pembentukan kapsul dini (hari ke 10-14)
  4. Stadium pembentukan kapsul lambat (setelah hari ke 14)

GEJALA KLINIS
·         Tidak ada satupun gejala klinis khas untuk abses otak.
·         Gambaran klasik yang sering dijumpai berupa sakit kepala, panas, defisit neurologis fokal, kejang dan gangguan kesadaran.

PEMERIKSAAN DAN DIAGNOSIS
 Anamnesis :
Sakit kepala merupakan keluhan dini yang paling sering dijumpai (70-90%). Terkadang juga didapatkan mual, muntah dan kaku kuduk (25%).

Pemeriksaan fisik :
Panas tidak terlalu tinggi. Defisit neurologis fokal menunjukkan adanya edema di sekitar abses. Kejang biasanya bersifat fokal. Gangguan kesadaran mulai dari perubahan kepribadian, apatis sampai koma. Apabila dijumpai papil edema menunjukkan bahwa proses sudah berjalan lanjut. Dapat dijumpai hemiparese dan disfagia.

Pemeriksaan laboratorium :
    • Darah : jarang dapat memastikan diagnosis. Biasanya lekosit sedikit meningkat dan laju endap darah meningkat pada 60% kasus
    • Cairan Serebro Spinal (CSS) : dilakukan bila tidak ada tanda-tanda peningkatan tekanan intra kranial (TIK) oleh karena dikhawatirkan terjadi herniasi
Pemeriksaan radiologi:
CT Scan: CT scan kepala dengan kontras dapat dipakai untuk memastikan diagnosis. Pada stadium awal (1 dan 2) hanya didapatkan daerah hipodens dan daerah irreguler yang tidak menyerap kontras. Pada stadium lanjut (3 dan 4) didapatkan daerah hipodens dikelilingi cincin yang menyerap kontras

DIAGNOSIS BANDING
  • Tumor di daerah serebropontin
  • Abses ekstradural
  • Empiema subdural

PENATALAKSANAAN
Penatalaksanaan medikamentosa dengan atau tanpa aspirasi dilakukan pada stadium serebritis, abses multipel dan abses yang didapatkan pada daerah kritis
Pada penatalaksanaan medikamentosa diberikan:
1.      Cefotaxime 200-300 mg/KgBB/hari IV dibagi dalam 4 dosis selama 6 minggu atau
      Kombinasi Ampicillin 200 mg/KgBB/hari IV dibagi dalam 6 dosis + Chloramphenicol 100 mg/KgBB/hari IV dibagi dalam 4 dosis.
2.    Metronidazole 15 mg/KgBB/dosis IV kemudian dilanjutkan dengan 7,5 mg/KgBB/dosis IV/PO setiap 6 jam selama 7 hari (maksimal 4 g/hari).
3.      Apabila didapatkan peningkatan TIK dapat diberikan:
a.   Mannitol dosis awal 0,5-1 mg/KgBB IV kemudian dilanjutkan 0,25-0,5 mg/KgBB IV setiap 4-6 jam
b. Dexamethasone dosis awal 0,5 mg/KgBB IV dilanjutkan dengan dosis rumatan 0,5 mg/KgBB/hari IV dibagi dalam 3 dosis atau
   Methylprednisolone dosis awal 1-2 mg/KgBB IV dilanjutkan dengan dosis rumatan 0,5 mg/KgBB/dosis setiap 6 jam.
Pengurangan dosis (tappering off) dimulai pada hari ke 5 
Perhatian: Steroid dapat menghambat penetrasi antibiotik pada abses dan menghambat pembentukan dinding abses yang berakibat abses mudah pecah dan terjadi meningitis.

KOMPLIKASI
  • Herniasi unkal atau tonsiler karena kenaikan TIK
  • Ventrikulitis karena pecahnya abses di ventrikel
  • Perdarahan abses

PROGNOSIS
Prognosis baik bila usia muda, tidak didapatkan gangguan neurologis berat dan tidak ada penyakit yang mendasari.

DAFTAR PUSTAKA
1.      Osenbach RK, Loftus CM: Diagnosis and management of brain abscess. Neurosurg Clin N Am, 1992, Apr.; 3(2) : 403-20.
2.      Saez-Liorens X: Brain abscess in children. Semin Pediatr Infect Dis 2003, 2003; 14 (2) :  108-14.
3.      Sennaroglu L., Sozeri B: Otogenic brain abscess : review of 41 cases. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2000, Dec.; 123 (6) : 751-5.
4.      Seydoux C, Francioli P: Bacterial brain abscesses : Factors influencing mortality and sequellae. Clin Infect Dis, 1992; 15 (3) : 394-401.
5.      Ucapan terima kasih kepada : dr. Erny, Sp.A atas bantuan dalam penyusunan pedoman diagnosis & terapi Neurologi anak.

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